1 Kings 20:32

Authorized King James Version

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So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Ben-hadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is my brother.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ So they girded H2296
וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ So they girded
Strong's: H2296
Word #: 1 of 22
to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)
שַׂקִּ֨ים sackcloth H8242
שַׂקִּ֨ים sackcloth
Strong's: H8242
Word #: 2 of 22
properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e., coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grai
בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם on their loins H4975
בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם on their loins
Strong's: H4975
Word #: 3 of 22
properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins
וַֽחֲבָלִ֣ים and put ropes H2256
וַֽחֲבָלִ֣ים and put ropes
Strong's: H2256
Word #: 4 of 22
ruin
בְּרָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם on their heads H7218
בְּרָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם on their heads
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 5 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ and came H935
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ and came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 6 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֶ֣לֶךְ to the king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ to the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 8 of 22
a king
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 9 of 22
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 10 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
עַבְדְּךָ֧ Thy servant H5650
עַבְדְּךָ֧ Thy servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 11 of 22
a servant
בֶן H0
בֶן
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 22
הֲדַ֛ד Benhadad H1130
הֲדַ֛ד Benhadad
Strong's: H1130
Word #: 13 of 22
ben-hadad, the name of several syrian kings, possibly a royal title
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
תְּחִי I pray thee let me live H2421
תְּחִי I pray thee let me live
Strong's: H2421
Word #: 15 of 22
to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
נָ֣א H4994
נָ֣א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 16 of 22
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
נַפְשִׁ֑י H5315
נַפְשִׁ֑י
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 17 of 22
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 18 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ H5750
הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 19 of 22
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
חַ֖י Is he yet alive H2416
חַ֖י Is he yet alive
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 20 of 22
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
אָחִ֥י he is my brother H251
אָחִ֥י he is my brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 21 of 22
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
הֽוּא׃ H1931
הֽוּא׃
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 22 of 22
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis & Commentary

So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Ben-hadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is my brother.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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